In the context of terrorism, what does the term 'insurgency' typically refer to?

The term 'insurgency' specifically refers to a movement that aims to challenge and overthrow an established government or authority. This is typically carried out through a combination of political and military strategies, often involving guerrilla warfare or acts of civil disobedience. Insurgencies can emerge in response to perceived oppression, authoritarian rule, or foreign occupation, and they often seek to gain control over territory or influence public policy.

This definition sets insurgency apart from peaceful protests, social activism, or legal political campaigns, which do not seek to violently alter or topple government structures. Instead, these alternatives typically operate within established legal frameworks and advocate for change through peaceful means or reforms. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing the dynamics involved in conflicts that may escalate to terrorism or armed struggle against state power.