The whole-community approach to emergency management requires collaboration between which two entities?

The whole-community approach to emergency management emphasizes the importance of involving various sectors and stakeholders in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from disasters. Collaboration between government and private entities is vital in this context because both sectors hold different resources, capabilities, and expertise that can significantly enhance community resilience.

Government agencies typically provide essential services, regulations, and infrastructure during emergencies, while private organizations can help by offering technology, logistics, and innovative solutions that improve response efforts. The integration of resources and strategies from both sectors fosters a more effective emergency management process, ensuring that communities can effectively respond to crises.

The other options focus on different collaborations but may not encapsulate the entire spectrum of resources needed for a holistic approach. For instance, civil and military collaboration is important but often emphasizes operational capacity rather than the broad stakeholder engagement that the whole-community approach advocates. Similarly, while cooperation between local and federal authorities or public and nonprofit entities is valuable, the explicit partnership between government and private sectors embodies the comprehensive, multidisciplinary strategy central to the whole-community philosophy in emergency management.