What legislation created a Cabinet-level department focused on protecting the U.S. from terrorist attacks?

The Department of Homeland Security Act was pivotal in establishing a Cabinet-level department dedicated to safeguarding the United States against terrorist attacks. This legislation was enacted in response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and aimed to consolidate various federal agencies and functions related to domestic security into one cohesive entity.

The creation of the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) reflected a comprehensive approach to addressing threats to national security through improved coordination of resources, intelligence sharing, and the implementation of security measures. By centralizing these responsibilities, DHS was better equipped to respond to emergencies, prevent terrorist threats, and manage the country's overall security posture.

In contrast, the other legislative acts mentioned serve different purposes. For instance, the USA Freedom Act primarily focuses on reforming surveillance practices and protecting civil liberties in the context of national security. The Anti-terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act deals with broader criminal justice matters concerning terrorism without creating a new department. The USA Patriot Act, while related to anti-terrorism efforts, was enacted to expand law enforcement's abilities to prevent and prosecute terrorist acts rather than to establish a new federal department specifically focused on homeland security.