Who is authorized to deploy the National Guard for emergencies and critical infrastructure security?

The National Guard's deployment for emergencies and critical infrastructure security is mainly under the authority of state governors. This authority stems from the dual state-federal nature of the National Guard; while it can be federalized and used for national purposes, its primary role during state emergencies is managed at the state level.

When a natural disaster occurs or there is a significant threat to public safety within a state, the governor can activate the National Guard to assist in response and recovery efforts. This may involve aiding local law enforcement, providing disaster relief, or safeguarding critical infrastructure.

In contrast, federal officials can only mobilize the National Guard in instances that involve national defense or when federal resources are required, typically under Title 10 of the U.S. Code. Local police chiefs and emergency management directors have important roles in managing immediate responses and coordinating local resources, but they do not have the authority to deploy the National Guard. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific constitutional and statutory responsibilities entrusted to state governors regarding the National Guard.