Why is security for the railroad system particularly complex?

The complexity of security for the railroad system largely stems from the fact that there are numerous railway owners who operate independently of one another. This diversity of ownership creates challenges in coordination and communication when it comes to implementing security measures. Each railway operator may have different protocols, technologies, and priorities, which can complicate collaborative efforts to enhance overall security. Moreover, the extensive network of rail lines often crosses multiple jurisdictions and regions, necessitating collaboration among various stakeholders, including local law enforcement, federal agencies, and private companies, all of which may have varying policies and resources. This fragmented structure of ownership means that a unified security strategy can be challenging to develop and execute effectively across the entire railroad system.